Basic electronics unit1 10 hours introduction to electronics. Base, emitter and collector but when we connected it in a circuit, we require four terminals. Transistor series regulator since q 1 is an npn transistor, v o is found as. Here we will describe the system characteristics of the bjt. The name transistor comes from the phrase transferring an electrical signal across a resistor. The three terminals are called the source, drain, and gate. Emitter, collector and base in its essence, a transistor consists of two diodes arranged back to back. The decrease in v be reduces conduction through the pass transistor. Diode schematic symbol and actual picture of a common 1n914 diode the black stripe in the picture is the cathode. We will spend some time understanding how they work based on what we know about pn junctions.
Cmos transistor theory cmos vlsi design slide 3 introduction q so far, we have treated transistors as ideal switches q an on transistor passes a finite amount of current depends on terminal voltages derive currentvoltage iv relationships q transistor gate, source, drain all have capacitance. Transistors now that we know about diodes, lets put two of them together, as follows. Notes on npn transistors university of california, san diego. Transistor basics lecture notes 2 mct 121 uet lahore. However the major use for the field effect transistor, fet is within integrated circuits. The junction field effect transistor is a reliable and useful electronic component that can be used very easily in a variety of electronic circuits ranging from jfet amplifiers to jfet switch circuits. The transductance curve of a jfet is a graph of output current i d vs input voltage v gs as shown in fig. Alan doolittle intel develops worlds smallest, fastest cmos transistor santa clara, calif.
Also, the current gain of the transistor from the collector terminal to the emitter terminal. Lecture 1 introduction to basic electronics duration. There is no conduction between the collector and the emitter. There are two arrangement of ntype and ptype semiconductors in every transistor design.
The bipolar junction transistor bjt is an active device. To overcome this problem we make one terminal of the transistor common to both input and output terminals. In a transistor a very small current input signal flowing emitter tobase is able to control a. The field effect transistor, fet is a key semiconductor device for the electronics industry. Notes on the field effect transistor fet the fet is a three terminal device like the bjt, but operates by a different principle. The voltage applied to the gate controls the current flowing in the sourcedrain channel. Lecture notes for analog electronics university of oregon. In bipolar transistor the current condition is due to both types of charge carriers, holes and electrons. Mos non idealities, v t adjustment, mosfet structure and operation the mos fieldeffect transistor lecture 24. In electronics, including the text, the term \voltage refers to the physical. The circuit schematic symbol of a diode is shown in figure 5. Symmetry exists between baseemitter and basecollector voltages in establishing dominant current in bipolar transistor. Bipolar junction transistor study notes for electronics.
Jfet junction field effect transistor electronics notes. Introduction to transistors department of computer. The most widely used fets are metaloxidesemiconductor fets or mosfet. Solid state devices lecture 18 bipolar transistors a. The fet used in many circuits constructed from discrete components in areas from rf technology to power control and electronic switching to general amplification. Junction transistors bjts there are two types of bjts, the npn and pnp the two junctions are termed the baseemitter junction and the basecollector junction in order for the transistor to operate properly, the two junctions must have the correct dc bias voltages the baseemitter be junction is forward biased. Transistor uses, transistor rules, common emitter circuit, small signal amplification, fieldeffect transistors, jfet operating regions. Cmos transistor theory david harris, harvey mudd college kartik mohanram and steven levitan university of pittsburgh. The terminal on the left is called the emitter, the terminal on the right is.
In a transistor a very small current input signal flowing emitter tobase is able to control a much larger current which flows from the system power. Bipolar junction transistors bjt general configuration and definitions the transistor is the main building block element of electronics. Download ec6401 electronics circuits ii ec ii books lecture notes syllabus part a 2 marks with answers ec6401 electronics circuits ii ec ii important part b 16 marks questions, pdf books, question bank with answers key, ec6401. Excess populations and minimum carrier lifetime, photoconductivity. Standard ttl null schottky ttl s high speed ttl h low power sttl ls. Bipolar junction transistors bjts metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor mosfet junction field effect transistor jfet the last two are part of the same family, but well only look at the mosfet for now. Transistor as an amplifier, the rc coupled amplifier, introduction to power amplifiers, transistor as switch.
Some active devices like diode and transistor have zone of negative resistance that can be used to amplify the feedback loop of an oscillating circuit. In a elde ect transistor fet, the width of a conducting channel in a semiconductor and, therefore, its currentcarrying capability, is varied by the application ofan electric eld thus, the name elde ect transistor. Materials notes pdf download semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors. Base is the middle region of the transistor which is heavily doped and it is very thick. Cmos transistor theory cmos vlsi design slide 2 outline q introduction q mos capacitor q nmos iv characteristics q pmos iv characteristics. At first glance, this looks like an insulator but the actual behavior is far more interesting, if we apply external voltages properly n n p collector emitter base moderately doped. The insight provided by the load line occurs when we consider linear amplifiers, that is, where vot.
The base current i b controls the collector current i c. Introduction to semiconductors, doping, generationrecombination, te carrier concentrations. Ee lecture notes university of california, berkeley. Klimeck ece606 fall 2012 notes adopted from alam ece606. Transistors the transistor is a very useful device. Materials class 12 notes class 12 physics chapter 14 semiconductor electronics.
Ttl is a class of integrated circuits ics using bipolar junction transistors bjt ttl classes. Emitter is heavily doped, collector is moderately doped and base is lightly doped and base is very thin. A bipolar junction transistor bjt consists of three differently doped re gions. Analog electronics best lecture notes class notes pdf free. Sep 12, 2019 in this article, you will find the study notes on bipolar junction transistor which will cover the topics such as bipolar junction transistor, configuration and mos capacitor. Hence comparing the schematic symbol to the pn junction in figure 4, we see the anode is the ptype semiconductor and the cathode is the ntype semiconductor. Integrated circuits are simply arrays silicon chip. Ee105 fall 2014 microelectronic devices and circuits.
Lecture 24 mosfet basics understanding with no math reading. Since the zener voltage is constant, the increase in v o causes v be to decrease. Signals, frequency spectrum of signals, analog and digital signals, linear wave shaping circuits. Jan 22, 2008 lecture 11 transistor biasing duration. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Notes on npn transistors david kleinfeld spring 2018 1. If load resistance increases, load voltage also increases. The junction field effect transistor or jfet is widely used in electronics circuits.
Analog electronics class lecture notes pdf free download for gate ece abstract 1 introduction 2 amplifiers. Transistor biasing bias is the state of the circuit when there is no signal 1. Bjt should be in active or mos should in saturation at all times. Bipolar junction transistor notes material pdf download. These states are involved when a transistor 1 s used as a switch see later in this lecture. These can have the configuration of npn or pnp and the various layers can either be. Download pdf of bipolar junction transistor notes material offline reading, offline notes, free download in app, engineering class handwritten notes, exam notes, previous year questions, pdf free download. Nonideal transistor theory cmos vlsi design 4th ed. Video worlds simplest single transistor oscillator bjt with negative resistance. For an on transistor, the voltage v be should be in the neighborhood of 0. The base current i b controls the collector current i c regions of bjt operation. Pdf ec6401 electronics circuits ii ecii books, lecture. Bjt physics 6 npn transistor complete transport model valid for any bias first term in both emitter and collector current expressions gives current transported completely across base region.
At first glance, this looks like an insulator but the actual behavior is far more interesting, if we apply external voltages properly n n p collector emitter base moderately doped lightly doped, and very thin heavily doped. The transistor is the main building block element of electronics. Bipolar junction transistor bjt npntransistor pnptransistor bjt is a 3 terminal device. The two junctions are termed the baseemitter junction. In this article, you will find the study notes on bipolar junction transistor which will cover the topics such as bipolar junction transistor, configuration and mos capacitor 1. Majority charge carriers in ntype semiconductors are holes, whereas majority charge carriers in ptype semiconductors are electrons. Introduction the bipolar junction transistor consists of three regions. The transistor is a semiconductor device than can function as a signal amplifier or as a solid state switch. Biasing the field effect transistor transductance curves. A typical switching circuit using a pnp transistor is shown at the left. In this course we will discuss two types of transistors.
The configuration shown above is called an npn transistor. It is a semiconductor device and it comes in two general types. Bipolar junction transistor bjt a bipolar junction transistor bjt has three terminals connected to three doped semiconductor regions. For the typical transistor amplifier in the active region, v ce is usually about 25% to 75% of v cc.
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